![]() If it does decay via a positron, the proton's half-life is constrained to be at least 1.67 ×10 34 years. Despite significant experimental effort, proton decay has never been observed. The proton decay hypothesis was first formulated by Andrei Sakharov in 1967. In particle physics, proton decay is a hypothetical form of particle decay in which the proton decays into lighter subatomic particles, such as a neutral pion and a positron. Here, a proton, consisting of two up quarks and a down, decays into a pion, consisting of an up and anti-up, and a positron, via an X boson with electric charge − 4 / 3 e. The pattern of weak isospins, weak hypercharges, and color charges for particles in the Georgi–Glashow model. For the radioactive decay where a proton within a nucleus converts to a neutron, see positron emission. For the type of radioactive decay in which a nucleus ejects a proton, see Proton emission. ![]() This article is about the hypothetical decay of protons into other subatomic particles.
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